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ON

select first_name, last_name, department_name from employees join departments
on employees.department_id = departments.department_id
order by last_name, first_name; 

WHERE
select first_name, last_name, department_name from employees, departments
where employees.department_id = departments.department_id
order by last_name, first_name; 

USING
select first_name, last_name, department_name from employees join departments
using (department_id)
order by last_name, first_name;

LEFT/RIGHT/OUTER
select first_name, last_name, department_name from employees, departments
where employees.department_id = departments.department_id(+)
order by department_name desc, last_name, first_name; 

select first_name, last_name, department_name from employees full outer join departments
on employees.department_id = departments.department_id
order by department_name desc, last_name, first_name; 

SELF JOIN
select e.first_name, e.last_name, e.employee_id,  
       m.first_name, m.last_name, m.employee_id from employees e, employees m
       where 
       e.employee_id(+) = m.manager_id
order by   m.employee_id